Taken from The Proceedings of the XXII ISPIM Conference held in Hamburg, Germany - 12-15 June 2011 ISBN 978-952-265-092-4. The full paper and/or presentation is available to current members of ISPIM who must log in to the Members Section of http://www.ispim.org to gain access.
Levels of Openness in Open Innovation
Abstract
The paper describes findings about how openness is realised in practical innovation works, the focus being on the openness in innovation input, process and outcome. The study applied the methodology of qualitative research with a research question, how can the characteristic levels of openness in the various forms of open innovation be systematically defined? Empirical data was collected by studying innovation project portfolios of a large firm, a large research and technology organization and a medium size innovation intermediary company. After recursive cycling of lessons learned from literature and empirical case findings, a model for the levels of openness in open innovation was obtained. The model consists of five levels characterised by words closed, available, usable, modifiable, and public. Key attributes related to innovation input, process and outcome were given for the each level of openness.